IGBT, or Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, is a hybrid power semiconductor device that combines the features of both Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). This unique combination allows it to offer the high input impedance of a MOSFET along with the low on-state voltage drop characteristic of a GTR (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor). The IGBT reduces the saturation voltage compared to traditional GTRs while maintaining a higher current density. Unlike MOSFETs, which have low driving power but higher conduction losses, IGBTs provide a balance between switching speed and conduction efficiency, making them ideal for high-power applications.
IGBTs are widely used in various power conversion systems operating at DC voltages of 600V and above, including AC motor drives, inverters, switch-mode power supplies, lighting circuits, and traction systems. An N-channel IGBT typically consists of several regions: the source, drain, gate, and sub-channel. The source region is an N+ area connected to the source electrode, while the drain region is also an N+ zone connected to the drain. The gate controls the channel formation, and the P-type region between the source and drain acts as a sub-channel. On the opposite side of the drain, there's a P+ region known as the drain injector, which helps in hole injection and conductive modulation to reduce the on-state voltage.
The operation of an IGBT involves applying a forward gate voltage to form a channel and supply base current to the internal PNP transistor, thereby turning the IGBT on. When a reverse gate voltage is applied, the channel is eliminated, and the base current is cut off, leading to the IGBT turning off. This control mechanism is similar to that of a MOSFET, allowing for high input impedance. When the MOSFET channel is formed, holes from the P+ base are injected into the N layer, reducing its resistance and enabling low on-state voltage even under high voltage conditions.
**Simple Method for Testing IGBTs**
1. **Determine Polarity**
First, set your multimeter to the R×1KΩ range. If one terminal shows infinite resistance when measured against the other two, and remains infinite after reversing the test leads, that terminal is the gate. The remaining two terminals can be tested further. If the resistance is small after reversing the leads, the red lead is connected to the collector (C), and the black lead to the emitter (E).
2. **Check for Good or Bad Condition**
Switch the multimeter to R×10KΩ. Connect the black lead to the collector (C) and the red lead to the emitter (E). If the meter needle points to zero, touch the gate (G) and collector (C) simultaneously with your fingers. The IGBT should turn on, causing the needle to swing towards lower resistance and stabilize. Then, touch the gate (G) and emitter (E) together to turn it off, and the needle should return to zero. If this happens, the IGBT is in good condition.
3. **Use Any Pointer-Type Multimeter**
It’s crucial to use the R×10KΩ range when testing IGBTs. Lower ranges, like R×1KΩ, may not provide enough voltage to trigger the IGBT, making it impossible to determine its condition accurately. This method can also be used to check the quality of Power MOSFETs.
**Testing Inverter IGBT Modules**
For inverter modules, use a digital multimeter in diode test mode. Test the forward and reverse diode characteristics between the collector-emitter pairs (C1-E1, C2-E2) and between the gate (G) and emitter (E). For a six-phase module, remove the load-side wires for U, V, and W. Connect the red probe to the collector (P) and measure each phase with the black probe. The multimeter should show a high value in one direction and around 400 in the reverse. Repeat the process by connecting the red probe to the emitter (N) and measuring again. All phases should show consistent results. If there's a significant difference, the IGBT module may be faulty.
Test the gate-to-emitter junctions as well. If the multimeter reads maximum resistance in both directions, the gate is likely intact. A reading other than infinity indicates a problem. If the resistance is zero, it suggests a shorted gate, which could damage the gate protection circuitry on the PCB. Always ensure proper safety precautions when testing high-voltage components.
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors are rated for up to 10 Amps max. when using 16 AWG wire. The locking mechanism provides a clear and tactile click that prevents incomplete mating and incorrect insertion. The pin header comes with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB. The lance is part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal, which prevents tangled wires during assembly. The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts. The DF63 series is capable of being potted, up to 5mm. Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction. Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options.
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors Features
Capacity to handle a maximum of 10A when using 16 AWG wire MAX 10A/pin AWG ♯16 7A AWG ♯18
A locking mechanism that ensures a secure and completed connection: The locking mechanism delivers a clear and tactile click the prevents incomplete mating
Prevents incomplete insertion of the crimp contact
Prevents incorrect insertion between different poles
Reverse mounting prevention to PCB: The pin header is equipped with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB
Molded lance design: The lance is actually part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal. This prevents tangled wires during assembly
Short-circuit prevention: The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts
Capable of being potted, up to 5mm
Solder Crack prevention: Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction
Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options
Corresponds with 7.92mm pitch: Also corresponds with 7.92mm pitch with 2 or 3 pos. without pins
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Specification
Pitch:3.96mm
Circuits:2-12P
Wire AWG:18-24
Current:7.0 A
Rated Voltage: 250V
Operate TEMP: -25℃~85℃
Resistance:1000/min(MΩ)
Withstanding Voltage:1500V
Max wire(Diameter) : 2.5
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Features and Benefits
Smallest pitch for positive lock Wire-to-Board crimp system
Provides space savings for mounting other components
mating retention with low mating and unmating forces
Wide header variations to provides customers with many choices and design flexibility
Easy to mate and unmate
Space saving SMT Mounting that provides assembly and cost efficiencies
Automated assembly reduces manual labor processes
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Application industry:
Automotive
Electronic modules
Consumer
Air conditionerMobile POS terminalsNotebook PCSmart metersTVsTelevisions UAVs/Drones
Industrial
Servo motor
Medical
Patient Monitor
This is not a definitive list of applications for this product. It represents some of the more common uses.
3.96mm Wire To Board Connectors
3.96mm Wire To Board Connectors are avialable in different terminations and sizes intended for use on a variety of applications. These connectors provide power and signal with different body styles, termination options, and centerlines. To find the wire to board set required, click on the appropriate sub section below.
Antenk offers a wide variety of wire-to-board connector solutions that fit applications requiring high-power solutions or microminiature options.
3.96mm (0.156") Pitch Wire to Board Connectors delivering 7.0A and 600V per circuit in an industry-standard 3.96mm pitch, power application connectors are ideal for low- to mid-power wire-to-board and board-to-board applications
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors are rated for up to 10 Amps max. when using 16 AWG wire. The locking mechanism provides a clear and tactile click that prevents incomplete mating and incorrect insertion. The pin header comes with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB. The lance is part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal, which prevents tangled wires during assembly. The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts. The DF63 series is capable of being potted, up to 5mm. Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction. Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options.
3.96mm Pitch Board-to-Wire Connectors Features
Capacity to handle a maximum of 10A when using 16 AWG wire MAX 10A/pin AWG ♯16 7A AWG ♯18
A locking mechanism that ensures a secure and completed connection: The locking mechanism delivers a clear and tactile click the prevents incomplete mating
Prevents incomplete insertion of the crimp contact
Prevents incorrect insertion between different poles
Reverse mounting prevention to PCB: The pin header is equipped with a guide post to prevent reverse insertion on the PCB
Molded lance design: The lance is actually part of the housing instead of being a part of the terminal. This prevents tangled wires during assembly
Short-circuit prevention: The wall structure between the contacts helps to isolate the contacts and prevents short circuits between contacts
Capable of being potted, up to 5mm
Solder Crack prevention: Glass-reinforced resin is used on the pin header to prevent solder cracks due to thermal contraction
Keying options prevent incorrect connections due to the use of multiple connectors on the same board. When using identical pin counts, two versions are available with different keying options
Corresponds with 7.92mm pitch: Also corresponds with 7.92mm pitch with 2 or 3 pos. without pins
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Specification
Pitch:3.96mm
Circuits:2-12P
Wire AWG:18-24
Current:7.0 A
Rated Voltage: 250V
Operate TEMP: -25℃~85℃
Resistance:1000/min(MΩ)
Withstanding Voltage:1500V
Max wire(Diameter) : 2.5
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Features and Benefits
Smallest pitch for positive lock Wire-to-Board crimp system
Provides space savings for mounting other components
mating retention with low mating and unmating forces
Wide header variations to provides customers with many choices and design flexibility
Easy to mate and unmate
Space saving SMT Mounting that provides assembly and cost efficiencies
Automated assembly reduces manual labor processes
Pitch 3.96mm Wire to Board Connectors Application industry:
Automotive
Electronic modules
Consumer
Air conditionerMobile POS terminalsNotebook PCSmart metersTVsTelevisions UAVs/Drones
Industrial
Servo motor
Medical
Patient Monitor
This is not a definitive list of applications for this product. It represents some of the more common uses.
Board To Wire Connector,3.96Mm Wire To Board Connectors,3.96Mm Pcb Wire To Board Connector,3.96Mm Pin Wire To Board Connector,0.156" Wire To Board Connector
ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.antenk.com