Although the current LED headlamps have low penetration rate, they are highly profitable applications that LED manufacturers want to actively introduce.
Due to the development of LEDs towards miniaturization, the design of the headlights is more flexible. From the past, the lighting function has been extended to intelligent matrix lighting, equipped with cameras and sensing systems to enhance driving safety and serve as a bridge between vehicles and vehicles. The electric vehicle has become the main light source for energy saving purposes. The above is the biggest difference between the LED light source and Halogen and HID (High Intensive Discharge) lamps. The research structure predicts that the penetration of LED headlights for vehicles in 2020 will grow to 2015. 3 times.
Because of the high price, the LED headlights for vehicles have their first introduction market. In terms of automobile categories, electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles emphasize the characteristics of energy saving and environmental protection, just as LED light sources meet this demand. In 2020, such vehicles The proportion of the total market size will reach 7%. In addition, LED light source accounts for a relatively low proportion of high-priced car costs, and such models are designed with styling and smart lights, so the proportion of LED imports is higher than that of cheaper cars.
When the LED components are moving toward miniaturization, the headlights not only provide lighting functions, but also become part of the "face" of the car, and even highlight individual performance, becoming one of the main considerations for consumers to purchase vehicles.
In addition, with the rise of V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) applications, LED headlights also emulate mobile communication software, add display emoji, driver health information, etc. to other drivers, become a simple communication tool between drivers, and increase driving Safety.
Intelligent LED matrix headlights play a very important role in driving safety. The light source structure is to arrange multiple LED components into a matrix style, and is equipped with a camera module, a sensor and other systems. Each LED has a point and a function, and a matrix headlight will According to different road conditions, the light beam can be moved according to the surrounding environment or the turning section. When there are more LEDs, the more flexible the area should be irradiated or not, so as to increase driving safety.
Under the above-mentioned additional functions and differentiation design, the LED light source for the headlights will gradually replace Halogen and HID. It is estimated that the LED proportion will exceed the HID lamp by 2020, which is 3 times higher than that of 2015, up to 15%. .
In terms of research and development, the current direction of LED headlight research and development is mainly the use of fisheye plus LED light source module or LED bulb solution. The increase in the penetration rate of LED headlights in automobile brands has led lamp manufacturers to actively look for LED manufacturers capable of producing and designing LED lamps.
Representative company
Recently, the company that has received much attention in the field of automotive LED headlights is Ronda Electronics. LED vertical integration factory Longda Electronics this year at the LEDTaiwan exhibition, the first publicly announced new business unit products, including high-end applications of invisible light, automotive and train headlights, especially the self-developed LED headlight module, has now stepped into China High Speed ​​Rail The market is testing and is expected to be officially introduced in the second half of 2016. This move can be said to avoid the Red Sea market and open up a new blue ocean.
In the past two years, the new business unit of Ronda has been successful in opening up the market with high-end product technology. Among them, automotive LED packaging products have taken the lead in passing the AECQ101 third-party certification. At the beginning of this year, the new LED headlight module has also been introduced into Chinese automobiles. Train market.
Ronda's train LED headlight module adopts high-tech optical lens design, which gathers the beam angle within 3 degrees, consumes only 10W, and has a central light intensity of 200,000 candelas (candela, cd). It is used in trains and subways. Or high-speed rail headlights only need 6 to 10 groups, one kilometer illumination can reach 5lux, with low energy consumption, high efficiency and stability, etc., can replace the traditional HID headlights. The automotive LED headlight module is designed for the far and near light of a fisheye. The power consumption of the near lamp is only 13W, which not only saves energy but also has high luminous efficiency, and is also improved in overall design and space application.
â–² Ronda automotive LEDs are used in automotive and train headlights
â–² LED components for vehicles
â–² train LED headlight design
Other LED headlight examples
Mazda 2
Japanese car manufacturers have used LED headlights as an optional equipment when Mazda 2 was first introduced. Mazda 2 entered the market as MY2015car. Its optional LED headlights are very sophisticated. It is not only equipped with a high beam assistant system, but also has a wide selection range and novel design. These headlights are the finishing touch in car design, making the Mazda 2 stand out among the many models.
Mercedes-Benz E-class
Mercedes-Benz headlights also use LED matrix technology, but they named it multi-beam LEDs. In the 2017 Mercedes-Benz E-Class, each of the optional multi-beam LED headlamps contains 84 individually controlled LEDs. This sophisticated intelligent solution enables BMW's new E-Class to provide optimum beam distribution in any driving situation. Each headlamp contains up to 84 LEDs, and the manufacturer can program the system to make the LEDs more useful, which is more powerful than those with fewer LEDs.
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Headlight optical system
The current headlight optical system is shown in the figure, and two kinds of optical systems are widely used.
Headlight optical system
The parabolic type uses a reflector to reflect the light emitted by the light source to form a light distribution pattern. The reflector is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the shape of each block is used to control the light to shoot up and down to form an overall light distribution. As the name implies, the projection type is an optical system that performs projection, and forms a light distribution similar to the light distribution pattern near the focal point of the convex lens, and enlarges and projects it. The light distribution is formed using a mirror called a "composite elliptical reflector" to form a light distribution of the low beam, and it is necessary to provide a light shielding plate near the focal point of the lens to form a cut-off line that reduces the glare of the opposite vehicle. The projection type has been widely used because it can effectively release the light of the light source and has a small volume.
Further, the projection type is projected using a convex lens, and various light distribution patterns can be formed by changing the light distribution in the vicinity of the focus and the shape of the light shielding plate. The following figure is an application example in the ADS (AdaptiveDrivingBeam). In this example, the light distribution of the right side luminaire and the light distribution pattern of the left side luminaire are different, and the overall light distribution is formed. It can increase the visibility by illuminating the pedestrians on the roadside without causing the glare of the vehicle ahead.
ADB's light distribution
LED headlight optical system
The LED headlights are based on the headlight optical system described above, and use LED features to improve efficiency and achieve new design and high functionality.
Improve the efficiency of the optical system by using the light distribution of the LED
The usual projection type headlights use a bulb light source, and in order to form a cut-off line, a visor is used to shield the light. The reason why such an optical system is used is because of the limitation of the bulb light source to 360-degree illumination. The LED only illuminates in the direction of the hemisphere. As shown in the figure, instead of using a visor to shield the light, a mirror "beam shaper" that can effectively utilize the light is embedded.
Bulb source and LED optical system
Small light source for a new look
Compared with the bulb light source, the LED has no structure such as an arc tube or a lamp holder in the direction in which the light is emitted, and the optical system can also be miniaturized. Therefore, multiple optical systems can be integrated in the luminaire. The world's first LED headlights, released in 2007, consists of three small projection units, which realizes a new and distinctive design that is different from traditional headlights. Moreover, this headlight enables a plurality of optical units to have light distribution functions such as concentrating and diffusing, and the overall light distribution in the figure is formed by synthesis. Good identification can be achieved by using the best optical design for each light distribution function. This headlight makes the optical axis of the large diffusing unit face the outside of the vehicle, enabling a wide range of lateral spread that was unattainable in the past.
LED headlights consisting of 4 units
While the performance of LEDs has improved, the optical unit has continued to evolve. In 2014, the L-shaped low beam design in the following figure became a reality. This optical system utilizes two mirrors to effectively utilize light that cannot be utilized by conventional projection-type optical systems. The ability to configure such a complex structure in a luminaire relies on the miniaturization of the LED.
LED headlights with L-shaped design
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