Consumer policy weakens the advantages of new energy vehicles

"Barry is only half of 90". In the entire innovation chain, technology research and development is only a seed, and it is necessary to grow into a towering tree to achieve industrialization, relying on the strong support of innovative supporting resources. From the perspective of research, in the field of new energy vehicles, China has many cutting-edge achievements, but enterprises face many obstacles in the process of industrialization.

At present, enterprise innovation in the field of new energy vehicles generally faces three major risks: technology, market, and policy. Technology risk is what innovation itself has, but innovation requires the investment of large amounts of funds and talents. The financing problem of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, is more prominent. Market risk includes whether it can be accepted by the market and consumers, whether it can enter product announcements, whether it can enter the supply system of auto plants, whether it can obtain sufficient industrialized financing, and so on. Judging from the policy risks, companies are also faced with whether they are in line with the direction of policy encouragement, whether they can enjoy the existing preferential policies, and whether they can successfully market on the market. Overall, among the above three risks, there are currently four major obstacles to restricting the industrialization of new energy vehicles in terms of technology, infrastructure, consumption policies, and financing difficulties.

(I) Technical bottlenecks need to be broken

At present, the global new energy vehicle technology can hardly meet the requirements of most consumers in terms of performance. For example, according to the survey, most consumers demand 300 kilometers and 2 hours for the electric vehicle's driving range and charging time [1]. Therefore, the problem of mileage anxiety and cost is still an important reason hindering its industrialization. This is a common technical problem facing the world. However, from the latest technological achievements such as power batteries, motors, electronic control and charging, this issue will make great progress in the next 2-3 years.

(II) Infrastructure construction should speed up

In addition to the problems in the technology itself, the lag in infrastructure construction is the most prominent issue faced by the new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles, in the industrialization process. In addition to the government-driven demonstration projects, highways, public transportation, and some group customer projects, the development of charging infrastructure in the private consumption sector has been slow, resulting in a “chicken-egg” dilemma in which charging infrastructure and electric vehicle consumers wait and see each other. Difficult to be broken.

The charging infrastructure has public goods or quasi-public goods attributes. For the popularization of new energy vehicles, there is a lot of positive externalities in terms of environmental protection and innovation. In these areas where there should be but companies are reluctant to enter, the government should actively intervene. On the basis of scientific analysis and planning, the government should accelerate infrastructure construction before market demand to solve the problem. Of course, the government should gradually withdraw under the condition that the market is initially operating and companies are willing to enter in order to encourage and guide the entry of social capital.

From the perspective of integration and innovation, in the future, charging facilities in the public area and even in the private sector must not only have charging functions, but also be integrated service terminals for selling electricity, payment, advertising, WIFI hotspots, e-commerce, and telecom value-added services. As an important part of the city's informatization or the construction of a smart city, this can ensure that operators have a profit model, and thus promote the rapid development of the charging infrastructure network.

(III) Consumption policy does not meet development requirements

The first is consumer subsidies. After the “Notice on Continuing the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles” was issued, the problems existing in the previous subsidy program have been alleviated. For example, the supplementation of suppliers has resulted in a significant reduction in subsidies, and the allocation process is complex and the cycle is relatively long. Central and local support Subsidies strengthen the market segmentation. From the perspective of optimization, we should also pay more attention to the right of consumers to choose freely, further simplify the distribution process and shorten the cycle; determine the amount of subsidies based on the total carbon emissions of the unit mileage, unify the various types of subsidy standards, and uniformly subsidize models across the country. Catalogue, creating a fair and transparent competitive environment; further improving government procurement goals, etc. At the same time, from the sources of subsidy funds, it is also a good idea to support new energy vehicles by imposing fines on the average portion of the average fuel consumption limit of conventional cars or taxing carbon emission targets.

Followed by the tax system. The current taxation of automobile consumption has problems such as “the weight of buying links, light use links” [2], “relatively small displacements are relatively heavy, and large displacements are relatively light”[3], which not only produces large displacements in the consumption structure of traditional automobiles. The negative effects of the high utilization rates have also led to the weakening of cost advantages in the use of new energy vehicles. It is proposed to further reduce the purchase tax and consumption tax of new energy vehicles on the basis of adjusting the tax structure of traditional automobiles, adjust the vehicle fuel surcharges from quantity measurement to ad valorem, and impose environmental taxes on automobiles based on the full emission data.

The third is the use of policies. At present, there is no policy support system for the consumption of new energy vehicles. In the future, a good atmosphere for the consumption of new energy vehicles should be established in the whole society and more substantive encouragement policies should be introduced. For example, in the new energy vehicle on the license, limit line, road rights and other aspects to give more concessions; increase the government procurement indicators, strengthen the government's demonstration and exemplary role; clear the country's green transfer mechanism for the transfer of the channel; in the special parking spaces set, parking fees Receive a discount on the offer; etc.

(IV) Financing problems hinder the industrialization process

The survey found that a large number of innovations in the field of new energy vehicles are concentrated in SMEs. These enterprises lack sufficient collateral and cash flow and it is difficult to get the scale of bank credit. Especially in the current situation of narrow financing channels, high financing costs, and tight credit extension of commercial banks, most companies are facing difficulties in the industrialization of technological achievements, and there have been a few cases in which innovation has lost due to capital chain breaks.

The financing difficulties of SMEs are a common problem faced by the whole world. The financial system dominated by indirect financing by commercial banks has become more prominent. To solve this problem, it is necessary to combine the advantages of government policy support and market-oriented operation, through the government to establish industrialization development guidance funds to attract social capital, especially venture capital and private equity funds. However, on the object and method of investment, the first is to clarify the policy characteristics of the government-guided fund or the parent fund, not to intervene in specific technology choices and enterprise selection, and to entrust social capital to enter into decision-making; second, some funds are used in SME policy Sex guarantees and interest subsidies increase the credit line of commercial banks. Third, they mainly invest in order-based, market-oriented enterprise alliances or cooperation platforms. Fourth, encourage local governments to provide financial support and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments.