Abstract: The scheme, composition, hardware configuration, software design, working principle, function and technical performance of the home control system are discussed. The data collection through the single chip microcomputer is given, and the data is packaged into the Ethernet protocol package through the network protocol processor and sent to the Ethernet, so as to realize the remote control scheme based on the Ethernet.
1 System introduction
The development of home intelligent control system is mainly based on short message technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, digital communication technology and encryption technology. The system uses related networks, computer systems and controllers, using wireless networks and wired networks as basic control instructions and data information transmission methods to achieve wireless remote control and data transmission of mobile phones, and through a dedicated SMS control center and service center, to Provide a full range of digital services for family and community management. The home intelligent control system has the functions of mobile phone remote control, automatic alarm, calling community service, property management and so on. According to the needs of the user group, it can also be unlimitedly extended to life networking services, smart office and other directions.
In general, as long as the device is connected to the Internet / Internet, in principle, as long as the TCP / IP network protocol is implemented. TCP / IP protocol and its application is a complex system engineering. The establishment of the agreement has to go through a rigorous design process, and the implementation of the full set of agreements is relatively complicated. It is difficult to implement this protocol in an embedded system. In practical applications, if the protocol is to be fully implemented, a more reasonable solution is to directly use the integrated TCP / IP protocol chip to separate the system central control unit and the TCP / IP protocol processing unit.
On the other hand, the original TCP / IP can also be streamlined, while only retaining some protocols required by the actual application system, so that the core chip can not only realize the network data transmission task, but also complete the task monitoring. Because, simplifying the original TCP / IP protocol can greatly reduce the difficulty of system implementation, and at the same time can improve the efficiency and reliability of the system.
figure 1
2 Working principle of the system
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a home network control system based on the E512 network protocol processor. In the figure, the three tables of data in the family are used as acquisition signals, which are processed by the sample-and-hold circuit and sent to the single-chip microcomputer. It becomes a TCP / IP protocol packet, and finally sends the data packet to the Ethernet through the RTL8019AS Ethernet controller. This system uses CPLD chip EPM7128S as the decoding and driving circuit. Since home user terminals generally do not have high requirements for the data exchange rate (below 1MB / s), general high-speed single-chip microcomputers can be used to write TCP / IP protocols, which can not only meet the functional requirements, but also reduce costs, users are also easy Accept this price.
3 TCP / IP protocol analysis chip E5122
E5122 is the Feihong series network protocol processor developed by Shanghai Exquisite Technology Company. The external crystal frequency is 22.114MHz, and the operating voltage is 5V. It can provide API interface for hardware to implement TCP / IP protocol, and can communicate with user end by I2C protocol or RS-232 interface. Its communication interface supports MPU with I2C interface, and also provides I2C driver for MPU without I2C interface. program. The interface between E5122 and the network is an Ethernet interface, which can be connected to Ethernet through the Ethernet control chip RTL8019. Its serial rate can be up to 115.2kbps, and can achieve real-time transmission.
E5122 is a dedicated chip that completes TCP / IP protocol and can be used to implement protocol conversion between Ethernet and serial ports. The device can provide a complete network communication solution for serial devices with only an external MCU. The MPU used in this system is 89C52 single-chip microcomputer, and only need to simply call the API function in the single-chip microcomputer program. 
Figure 2 shows the block diagram of E5122. The device can be used as a server side, that is, when connecting to the network for the first time, the client side actively requests to connect to the server side as a passive side to listen, and at the same time accepts active query access from remote clients in the LAN intranet and returns the device information to the client The device can also be used as a client to actively communicate with the host in the local area network or on the Internet. E5122 uses 32KB RAM outside the chip to buffer data for Ethernet. It uses 256 bytes (at least 256 bytes) of serial EEPROM (I2C bus interface) to store system parameters. Users can communicate with E5122 through the serial port. The function of E5122 is to complete TCP / IP protocol and serial port communication protocol, and at the same time support the interaction between ordinary serial port and user equipment, and can achieve network connection through external RTL8019AS control chip.
4 hardware circuit design
4.1 Interface circuit
In specific use, due to the limitation of the single chip microcomputer, the JP pin can be connected to a high level by a jumper in the design; and the interface of E512 and RTL8019AS is used to transmit network data.
When the system is running for the first time, E512 will initialize RTL8019AS, and set its working mode and interrupt source. When RTL8019AS receives data, it will trigger E5122 interrupt. At this time, E5122 will select the register address and memory address of RTL8019AS through A8 ~ A13 and A15 to control and realize the reading of data. When data is sent to RTL8019AS through E5122, the system will Set the corresponding register of RTL8019AS through the address line to send data. The specific interface circuit is shown in Figure 3.
4.2 I2C bus data storage
I2C bus is the abbreviation of INTER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BUS, namely "Internal Integrated Circuit Bus". The I2C bus is a serial communication interface specification first proposed by Philips. The bus uses a serial data line? SDA? And a serial clock line? SCL? For data transmission between the master and slave devices. The interface is very simple.
The data transmission rate on the I2C bus can reach 100 kbit / s, and up to 400 kbit / s in fast mode. In I2C bus transmission, when SCL is high, SDA changes from high to low as a starting condition; and when SCL is high, SDA changes from low to high is a stopping condition. Both SDA and SCL are bidirectional transmission lines. The data on the SDA line must be stable during the period when the clock is high. Only when the clock signal on the SCL line is low can the state of the data line be changed. Each byte output to the SDA line must be 8 bits, and the bytes transferred each time are not limited, but each byte must have an answer bit.
4.3 Isolation coupling transformer
Isolation transformers of 1 to 1 should be used in the design, and at the same time, the induced voltage caused by lightning should not damage the subsequent circuit. In addition, balanced-unbalanced conversion isolation, transmission, and matching must be completed.
4.4 Reset and watchdog circuit
The watchdog circuit can reset or reset the system when the program runs or crashes, so that the system can resume normal operation. The circuit is shown in Figure 4. The circuit uses MAX813L to complete the power reset and watchdog functions. 
5 Several technical issues that should be noted in application
In the actual application process, the following issues should be noted:
(1) Transmission speed
In the system, the data exchange speed between the upper PC and the lower measurement and control equipment depends on the transmission speed of the Ethernet interface module; while its transmission speed depends on the speed of the Ethernet interface chip, the processing speed of the single-chip computer, and the equipment exchange The way of data.
The measurement and control system generally transmits control commands and measurement data, and the data volume is not large? Modules and measurement and control equipment can be connected by serial ports such as RS-232, RS-485, CAN, and the communication rate is only a few tens of kilobytes / s or hundreds of kb / s. The speed of the Ethernet interface chip (10Mb / s) and the speed of the microprocessor are much greater than the serial communication speed. Therefore, the transmission rate mainly depends on the communication rate of the serial port.
When the transfer rate is very high (such as transferring images), the serial interface can no longer be used for connection between the Ethernet interface module and the measurement and control equipment, but must be connected in parallel. The transmission rate at this time depends on the processing speed of the microprocessor. It is recommended to select some high-speed microcontrollers, such as P89C52RX series or SX series.
(2) IP address
If the measurement and control equipment in the Ethernet measurement and control system enters the Ethernet through the module, it must determine its own IP address. There are two ways to obtain an IP address: one is to obtain the IP address dynamically, and the other is to assign the IP address fixedly. Because E5122 does not support the RARP reverse address resolution protocol, it is impossible to obtain a dynamic IP address, and only a fixed IP address can be used.
(3) Security control
When measuring and controlling in a small closed LAN, the security issues are generally not large. However, when performing measurement and control on a wide area network or even the Internet, security control is crucial. To this end, the 48-128-bit user password should be used to protect the safety of the measurement and control equipment, so that legitimate users can modify and set their own passwords. In this way, even if the network illegal user steals the IP address, since there is no user password, the device cannot be operated. 
(4) Real-time problems
The measurement and control system must emphasize its real-time performance on many occasions, but Ethernet is not a real-time system. Its carrier sense collision detection (CSMA / CD) communication mode determines that the transmission of IP packets in Ethernet will be delayed or even lost. This is the biggest disadvantage of using Ethernet to form a distributed measurement and control system. However, the speed of Ethernet is getting faster and faster. In 100M or even Gigabit networks or some small closed LANs, when the busyness of the network is greatly reduced, there is almost no collision of IP packets, so transmission delays and packet loss It will be greatly reduced without affecting the normal work of the measurement and control system. At the same time, if the response protocol can be added on the network layer of the system, the problem of packet loss can be basically solved.
(5) Connection method
The module has two sockets: one is RJ-45 socket, which can be directly connected to Ethernet by twisted pair; the other is 25-pin socket, which contains RS-232 or RS-485 bus interface.
6 Conclusion
With the advent of the 21st century? Mankind has gradually entered the information age. The networking of home appliances will bring new demands to the already saturated home appliance consumer market. Further research in this area has caused tremendous changes in people's lifestyles, work styles, and ways of thinking, while also stimulating people's increasing demand for various data sources and network services. Therefore, the scheme introduced in this article undoubtedly has certain practical and commercial value.
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