Recently, NFC (NearFieldCommunicaTIon, near field communication) mobile phone payment business has taken off all over the world. The first commercial case has been officially operated in Germany, and China began commercial trials in Xiamen in June this year, followed by Guangzhou. Relevant organizations in the industry predict that NFC mobile payment will become the next "killer" application of mobile value-added services. The author of this article believes that as an emerging business, NFC mobile payment needs to break through several major bottlenecks in order to succeed.
Recently, Nokia joined hands with China Mobile Xiamen, E-Tongka and Philips to launch China's first commercial trial of NFC mobile payment in Xiamen. Nokia said: The project will last 2 to 3 months, and will be tested and promoted in major cities in China in the later period, and strive to form a large-scale commercial form next year.
The domestic mobile phone payment business started in May 2002, when China Mobile conducted a trial of mobile phone micropayments in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and other places. In July of the same year, China Unicom also signed a strategic cooperation agreement with China UnionPay to jointly launch Unicom mobile payment service. However, after four years of development, although domestic mobile phone users have reached a huge scale of 400 million, the mobile payment service has not developed, and not many users use this service. As of June 2006, the number of users of China Mobile's "mobile wallet" business exceeded 10 million. Early mobile payment had two bottlenecks: first, national policy restrictions, mobile payment made mobile operators invade the territory of the financial industry; second, security risks restricted the development of mobile payment business.
In view of the great appeal to consumers and the ease of use, NFC is quickly becoming the technology of choice for operators, handheld device manufacturers, credit card companies and public transportation systems around the world. Can NFC mobile payment become a new generation of "killer" value-added services? This article will give a detailed analysis from several aspects.
1. Development status of NFC mobile payment
1. Commercial testing accelerated
The pace of commercial trials of the NFC mobile payment business worldwide is accelerating, as can be seen from the following examples.
In October, in Caen, France, Philips, France Telecom, Orange, Samsung, retail group LaSer, and VinciPark jointly launched a multi-application NFC trial. The trial period is 6 months. Through the trial, 200 residents can use the Samsung D500 As a secure payment tool, mobile phones can be used to pay in special retail stores and parking lots, and can download travel and bus service information.
In November, Rhein-MainVerkehrsverbund (RMV), a public transportation operator in Hanau, Germany, officially announced the launch of the world's first NFC experimental operation plan. This is a 6-month regional bus network ticketing system application. Partners include representatives from Philips, Nokia and RMV manufacturers.
In November, the largest NFC project in North America was conducted at the Philips Stadium in Atlanta. Audiences can use their mobile phones to shop in the venue, and they can also access and download mobile content such as ringtones, wallpapers, screensavers, and video clips.
At the end of the year, Cingular Wireless, the largest mobile operator in the United States, began testing NFC, a mobile payment function.
In June, Philips and South Korea's SKT Corporation announced that they will cooperate in the development and deployment of NFC technology to conduct large-scale trials in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. According to the terms of the agreement, the two companies will start a 6-month large-scale NFC field test with local partners from June 2006. The test will be conducted in the SKT office building in Seoul. 400 SKT employees and visitors can enter various NFC application devices by simply shaking NFC-embedded mobile phones. The two companies aim to simplify the global process and deployment of NFC applications, including working together to develop complete NFC solutions for network operators to promote the commercialization of NFC globally and launch more contactless technology-based application. Its solutions include technology, complete hardware and software products, handheld devices and card reader systems, and applications that support NFC.
2. The first global commercial opening
On April 19, Philips, Nokia, Vodafone, and Frankfurt Mainz, the bus network operator Mainz Transportation Company of Mainz, announced that after successful 10-month field trials, NFC technology will soon be put into commercial use. This is the world's first NFC commercial case, which opened the prelude to commercial NFC mobile payment.
3. NFC industry chain takes shape
The composition of the NFC industry chain is shown in Figure 1, which mainly includes the following links.
(1) Content provider. NFC content providers provide mobile users with the services they need to give them access to digital content in posters and magazines. In addition, NFC content providers also provide value-added content for telecom operators, so that their value-added service platforms can provide users with business information that can be queried.
(2) Terminal manufacturer. Chip manufacturers provide NFC chips and related interface accessories, and terminal manufacturers develop and manufacture NFC mobile phones on this basis, and then sell them to users or telecom operators. Under the double promotion of technology and market demand, NFC mobile phones will have more and more functions.
(3) Equipment manufacturers: subways, buses and movie theaters need to install special NFC mobile phone payment readers. These facilities are provided by NFC equipment manufacturers.
(4) Telecom operators: provide users with mobile networks to realize functions such as identity authentication, air recharge, and mobile search.
(5) Financial institutions: Work with mobile operators to discuss mutually beneficial business models and participate in business development.
The success of the NFC mobile payment business requires extensive participation and strong support from all units in the industry chain. The current situation is that almost all links in the industry chain have surfaced. In the Xiamen test, all functions have been basically implemented except for the temporary recharge of mobile phones. China Mobile, Nokia, Philips and many merchants have worked together to explore the successful commercial model of NFC and gradually entered the normal state of business development.
With the accelerated pace of commercial trials, equipment manufacturers in the NFC industry chain have begun to exert their efforts. On June 27, 2006, G & D, the world's second-largest smart card manufacturer, signed an intent agreement with Nokia to form a joint venture company. G + D owns 57% of the new company, and Nokia owns 43%. The joint venture provides services for the NFC ecosystem, and downloads consumer applications (such as credit cards or transportation tickets) to NFC mobile terminals safely and conveniently via air download. The joint venture is expected to enter commercial operation in the fourth quarter of 2006. Nokia and G + D hope to promote the development of NFC by opening this service to all manufacturers in the NFC market.
The non-profit industry association launched by Nokia, Philips and Sony to promote the development of NFC technology-NFC Forum sponsored member units have reached 11 at present, namely: MasterCard International Organization, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Microsoft, Sony, Philips, NEC, Samsung, Texas Instruments, Visa International, Nokia, Renesas Technology. In addition, many companies and organizations have joined the NFC Forum as other members. This shows that more and more manufacturers are interested in NFC.
4. China's operators' attitude towards NFC
According to relevant sources, China Mobile is very interested in NFC technology. A research team has been set up to prepare for NFC commercial use. It is expected to be officially commercialized by the end of the year. It is expected to conduct pilot projects in the subway and banking fields in China within 2 to 3 months. China Unicom is also actively studying various contactless payment technologies including NFC, and may introduce mobile payment standards by the end of this year.
Second, the advantages of NFC technology
1. Provide a wireless connection technology for easy, safe and rapid communication
NFC is a wireless connection technology jointly developed by Philips and Sony. It is compatible with the existing contactless smart card technology, and has become an official standard supported by more and more major manufacturers. NFC is also a short-range connection protocol, providing easy, safe, fast and automatic communication between various devices. Compared with other connection methods in the wireless world, NFC is a close-range private communication method.
NFC can operate in the 13.56MHz frequency band between several centimeters, and the data exchange rate can reach up to about 1Mbit / s (currently 424kbit / s), and is in accordance with ISO18092, ISO21481, ECMA (340, 352, and 356), ETSITS102 and 190 standard. NFC is also compatible with inductive smart card infrastructure based on ISO14443A, such as Philips' MIFARE technology and Sony's FeliCa card. Devices with built-in NFC chips, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, PDAs, computers, game consoles, computer peripherals, etc., can wirelessly transfer data within a distance of 20cm, and automatically send data at 106kbit / s, 212kbit / s, Switch between three transmission speeds of 424kbit / s.
As a virtual connector, NFC can be used to quickly implement various wireless communications on the device. Bring two NFC devices close together, NFC can perform wireless configuration and initialize other wireless protocols, such as Bluetooth and 802.11, so that the device can communicate over long distances or transmit data at high speed.
2. Comparison of NFC and other short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth and infrared
As a consumer-oriented transaction mechanism, NFC is faster, more reliable, and simpler than infrared. Compared with Bluetooth, NFC is oriented to close-range transactions and is suitable for exchanging important data such as financial information or sensitive personal information; Bluetooth can make up for the shortcomings of NFC communication distance and is suitable for longer-distance data communication. Therefore, NFC and Bluetooth complement each other and co-exist. In fact, the fast and lightweight NFC protocol can be used to guide the Bluetooth pairing process between two devices, promoting the use of Bluetooth.
3. Advantages of NFC as a mobile payment technology
Mobile phones with NFC chips are more secure than one-card cards in preventing theft. Users can set the password by opening the software when they need to use the card swipe function according to their own needs, and can close the card swipe function in time after use. If the phone is unfortunately lost, as long as there is a set password, the balance in the card will not be used by others. It is reported that users can directly check their balances on their mobile phones, and can also recharge through China Mobile's GPRS network and corresponding bank accounts, read transaction records at any time, and browse the WAP site in the mobile phone to query the merchant range and product information.
The NFC mobile payment that entered the commercial trial in Xiamen this time is to associate the user's bank card information with the mobile phone SIM card. The mobile phone is only a payment information channel. NFC mobile payment has similarities with the Internet's online banking.
At present, NFC has also been officially launched in the Guangzhou market, and fully launched its commercial trial in the small consumer field of public transportation, subway, taxi, supermarket and so on. Relevant people expect that by 2007, this kind of two-in-one mobile phone can recharge Yangchengtong by pressing the pay button on the mobile phone.
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