The demand for food is expanding, and urban cultivated land is shrinking. How to solve this problem? Japan, a country with a very limited land area, has given a solution – a plant factory. This plant can be built in a suburb or in an idle factory. On the stacked cultivation racks, the vegetables grow up “not in the skyâ€, but they are healthy and healthy. This is not an imagination or a hypothesis, but a new type of agricultural production that Mirai has been commercialized and is being implemented globally.
LED lights <br> <br> nutritious plants need for photosynthesis it may grow, then closed the plant factory, how to obtain energy plant growth? The answer is, LED lights. The plant factory completely replaces natural light with LED lights and fluorescent lamps, and provides targeted vegetables with the nutrient light they need, and strictly controls the environment required for plant growth such as temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide and nutrients.
Light is at the heart of the plant factory. In the past, most of the similar plant factories used metal lamps and energy-saving lamps as the light source. However, due to their large power consumption, they could only be used as supplemental light and could not be used as primary lighting. The LED lamp is an ideal substitute: the LED lamp has a single light-emitting color, which can adjust the nutrient light that is more targeted to plants, and can artificially adjust the brightness, light quality and light rhythm; in addition, it still has The advantages of pure light quality, high luminous efficiency, low heat generation and energy saving and environmental protection.
Solar radiation does not precisely match plant needs, but artificial light can. According to the above research results, the illumination on the plant factory cultivation rack is divided into three areas of white, red and white, and adopts general illumination technology, which can evenly disperse high-directivity LED light and illuminate according to the growth stage of the plant. Techniques for different wavelengths of light. For example, in the early stages of vegetable sowing to seedling, white light mixed with white and red LED light sources will be used to promote photosynthesis. The reddish light from the red-blue LED source is then illuminated to promote the growth of the leaves and rhizomes. Near the harvest, white light is again illuminated to promote photosynthesis. With this method, not only is the power consumption reduced by 40%, but the same area is increased by 50% compared to when only fluorescent lamps are used.
Since the cultivation plants of the plant factory are stacked, the spacing of the cultivation racks is about 35 cm, the total height can vary from 6 to 15 layers (depending on the actual environment, adjustable), the land occupation is less, and the growth cycle is shortened. About half. At present, the plant factory can cultivate a total of 40 to 50 kinds of vegetables, mostly lettuce, vanilla leafy vegetables. Miyamura, the future president of the company, told reporters that the reason for choosing lettuce is that it has strong vitality, and the production cycle and plant height are suitable. The traditional production cycle of lettuce is about 70 days, while in the plant, the production cycle only needs 33. ~35 days."
<br> <br> out of Japan as early as the 1960s, Japan had started vegetable cultivation of artificial bodies. In the future, the company was founded in 2004. Before 2009, they have been focusing on small-scale production. In 2009, they received government subsidies and conducted research cooperation with the National University of Chiba, Japan, and established a pilot plant with a scale of about 3,000. After the trial was successful, large-scale commercial production began.
Using artificial light instead of natural light to grow vegetables may cause some consumers' concerns: Is the lettuce produced so safe and nutritious? In this regard, Mr. Yumura told reporters that vegetables can be avoided under closed cultivation methods of water cultivation. Soil pollution and pesticide pollution. The plant factory is equipped with equipment for regulating temperature and humidity, and every production process can be artificially controlled. Another benefit of closure is that it avoids weather disturbances, and vegetable prices and yields can remain stable for many years.
However, the price of such carefully cultivated vegetables is naturally more "tasteful". In Japan, the lettuce of the plant factory is sold in a single package, and the price of every 80 to 100 grams of lettuce is 200 yen (about 10 to 12 yuan), which is higher than the price of 100-130 yen for common lettuce. A lot has gone out. Miyamura Maoji thinks that there is a noble reason. "The taste of such vegetables is more sweet, and many picky eaters are willing to eat."
At present, the annual sales of a plant plant with a daily production capacity of 10,000 plants in Japan is approximately 300 million yen. According to reports, a single plant with a daily output of 10,000 plants can hold 350,000 seeds at the same time. In addition to the first 35 days of cultivation, harvests can be obtained every day of the year. This is one of the reasons for the high efficiency of plant factories. In 2009, there were about 50 plant factories in Japan. By the end of February this year, the number has risen to 168, with an annual growth rate of about 20%. In July this year, the company will be built in the city of Taga, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The largest plant in the world.
Standing firm in Japan, the vision of the plant factory began to target overseas markets, such as those with less arable land or harsh climates. After Mongolia, China and Russia are the next stop for plant factories. It is reported that the Hong Kong factory is currently under construction. The Russian plant will be completed next spring, and the Hong Kong plant is expected to be operational by the end of this year. “Hong Kong is a city with a dense population and a lot of money. It is highly dependent on imported food. The stable and huge demand for ingredients meets the target market of the plant factory. This is also an opportunity to verify the case of urban agricultural business model.†The reporter explained.
At the same time, the company is also preparing to enter the Chinese mainland market in the future. In 2013, the future Daejeon (Beijing) Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Daejeon) was established. They believe that the Chinese market is expected to reach 10 times more than Japan as long as the opportunity is grasped. The scale. “There are already a large number of plant factories in the Chinese market. There are about 20 to 30 so-called plant factories in China, but no one can truly achieve large-scale commercial production.†Bai Baosuo, deputy general manager of Datian, told reporters.
But plant plant advancement is also facing difficulties, the biggest challenge is the cost of investment. In fact, the "high cold" of pricing is also mainly subject to cost constraints. It is not expensive to sell, and it is difficult to guarantee operating returns. From the perspective of return on investment, Baibaosuo believes that the factory with an area of ​​1,500 square meters and a daily output of 10,000 plants is the most ideal. In Japan, for example, a plant plant with a scale of 10,000 lettuce production has an initial investment of about 1 billion yen (about 57 million yuan), which requires about 30 to 35 staff. Among them, labor costs account for about 30% of the total cost, electricity and water costs account for 25 to 30%, consumables costs account for 5 to 10%, and the rest are depreciation and other expenses.
At present, Daejeon is following up some cooperation projects in North China and Northeast China, and has also signed a framework agreement on cooperation in the field of plant factories with China National Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center. After entering the Chinese market, in the future, Daejeon intends to sell equipment (the current equipment for all regional projects is imported from Japan) and guide cultivation techniques. It is not intended to sell vegetables directly.
However, the plant plant has a high initial investment and how long is the investment recovery cycle? Bai Baosuo believes that high-end supermarkets, high-end restaurants and hotels, and high-income households are the main sales targets of plant factories. Baibaosuo and the team also conducted market research in Beijing and Shanghai. At present, the price range of vegetables in high-end supermarkets and other terminals is 10 to 12 yuan per 100 grams, so the price of lettuce in Chinese domestic plant factories will be flat or lower.
Baibaosuo, which has switched from the power industry to agricultural technology, is full of confidence in the prospects of agricultural science and technology. He expects that plant factories can recover their investment after 6-7 years. “Agricultural investment is generally long-term investment, which is very short in agricultural investment. However, the return on investment cycle of each plant will vary depending on the location and cultivar."
LED lights <br> <br> nutritious plants need for photosynthesis it may grow, then closed the plant factory, how to obtain energy plant growth? The answer is, LED lights. The plant factory completely replaces natural light with LED lights and fluorescent lamps, and provides targeted vegetables with the nutrient light they need, and strictly controls the environment required for plant growth such as temperature, humidity, light, carbon dioxide and nutrients.
Light is at the heart of the plant factory. In the past, most of the similar plant factories used metal lamps and energy-saving lamps as the light source. However, due to their large power consumption, they could only be used as supplemental light and could not be used as primary lighting. The LED lamp is an ideal substitute: the LED lamp has a single light-emitting color, which can adjust the nutrient light that is more targeted to plants, and can artificially adjust the brightness, light quality and light rhythm; in addition, it still has The advantages of pure light quality, high luminous efficiency, low heat generation and energy saving and environmental protection.
Solar radiation does not precisely match plant needs, but artificial light can. According to the above research results, the illumination on the plant factory cultivation rack is divided into three areas of white, red and white, and adopts general illumination technology, which can evenly disperse high-directivity LED light and illuminate according to the growth stage of the plant. Techniques for different wavelengths of light. For example, in the early stages of vegetable sowing to seedling, white light mixed with white and red LED light sources will be used to promote photosynthesis. The reddish light from the red-blue LED source is then illuminated to promote the growth of the leaves and rhizomes. Near the harvest, white light is again illuminated to promote photosynthesis. With this method, not only is the power consumption reduced by 40%, but the same area is increased by 50% compared to when only fluorescent lamps are used.
Since the cultivation plants of the plant factory are stacked, the spacing of the cultivation racks is about 35 cm, the total height can vary from 6 to 15 layers (depending on the actual environment, adjustable), the land occupation is less, and the growth cycle is shortened. About half. At present, the plant factory can cultivate a total of 40 to 50 kinds of vegetables, mostly lettuce, vanilla leafy vegetables. Miyamura, the future president of the company, told reporters that the reason for choosing lettuce is that it has strong vitality, and the production cycle and plant height are suitable. The traditional production cycle of lettuce is about 70 days, while in the plant, the production cycle only needs 33. ~35 days."
<br> <br> out of Japan as early as the 1960s, Japan had started vegetable cultivation of artificial bodies. In the future, the company was founded in 2004. Before 2009, they have been focusing on small-scale production. In 2009, they received government subsidies and conducted research cooperation with the National University of Chiba, Japan, and established a pilot plant with a scale of about 3,000. After the trial was successful, large-scale commercial production began.
Using artificial light instead of natural light to grow vegetables may cause some consumers' concerns: Is the lettuce produced so safe and nutritious? In this regard, Mr. Yumura told reporters that vegetables can be avoided under closed cultivation methods of water cultivation. Soil pollution and pesticide pollution. The plant factory is equipped with equipment for regulating temperature and humidity, and every production process can be artificially controlled. Another benefit of closure is that it avoids weather disturbances, and vegetable prices and yields can remain stable for many years.
However, the price of such carefully cultivated vegetables is naturally more "tasteful". In Japan, the lettuce of the plant factory is sold in a single package, and the price of every 80 to 100 grams of lettuce is 200 yen (about 10 to 12 yuan), which is higher than the price of 100-130 yen for common lettuce. A lot has gone out. Miyamura Maoji thinks that there is a noble reason. "The taste of such vegetables is more sweet, and many picky eaters are willing to eat."
At present, the annual sales of a plant plant with a daily production capacity of 10,000 plants in Japan is approximately 300 million yen. According to reports, a single plant with a daily output of 10,000 plants can hold 350,000 seeds at the same time. In addition to the first 35 days of cultivation, harvests can be obtained every day of the year. This is one of the reasons for the high efficiency of plant factories. In 2009, there were about 50 plant factories in Japan. By the end of February this year, the number has risen to 168, with an annual growth rate of about 20%. In July this year, the company will be built in the city of Taga, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The largest plant in the world.
Standing firm in Japan, the vision of the plant factory began to target overseas markets, such as those with less arable land or harsh climates. After Mongolia, China and Russia are the next stop for plant factories. It is reported that the Hong Kong factory is currently under construction. The Russian plant will be completed next spring, and the Hong Kong plant is expected to be operational by the end of this year. “Hong Kong is a city with a dense population and a lot of money. It is highly dependent on imported food. The stable and huge demand for ingredients meets the target market of the plant factory. This is also an opportunity to verify the case of urban agricultural business model.†The reporter explained.
At the same time, the company is also preparing to enter the Chinese mainland market in the future. In 2013, the future Daejeon (Beijing) Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Daejeon) was established. They believe that the Chinese market is expected to reach 10 times more than Japan as long as the opportunity is grasped. The scale. “There are already a large number of plant factories in the Chinese market. There are about 20 to 30 so-called plant factories in China, but no one can truly achieve large-scale commercial production.†Bai Baosuo, deputy general manager of Datian, told reporters.
But plant plant advancement is also facing difficulties, the biggest challenge is the cost of investment. In fact, the "high cold" of pricing is also mainly subject to cost constraints. It is not expensive to sell, and it is difficult to guarantee operating returns. From the perspective of return on investment, Baibaosuo believes that the factory with an area of ​​1,500 square meters and a daily output of 10,000 plants is the most ideal. In Japan, for example, a plant plant with a scale of 10,000 lettuce production has an initial investment of about 1 billion yen (about 57 million yuan), which requires about 30 to 35 staff. Among them, labor costs account for about 30% of the total cost, electricity and water costs account for 25 to 30%, consumables costs account for 5 to 10%, and the rest are depreciation and other expenses.
At present, Daejeon is following up some cooperation projects in North China and Northeast China, and has also signed a framework agreement on cooperation in the field of plant factories with China National Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center. After entering the Chinese market, in the future, Daejeon intends to sell equipment (the current equipment for all regional projects is imported from Japan) and guide cultivation techniques. It is not intended to sell vegetables directly.
However, the plant plant has a high initial investment and how long is the investment recovery cycle? Bai Baosuo believes that high-end supermarkets, high-end restaurants and hotels, and high-income households are the main sales targets of plant factories. Baibaosuo and the team also conducted market research in Beijing and Shanghai. At present, the price range of vegetables in high-end supermarkets and other terminals is 10 to 12 yuan per 100 grams, so the price of lettuce in Chinese domestic plant factories will be flat or lower.
Baibaosuo, which has switched from the power industry to agricultural technology, is full of confidence in the prospects of agricultural science and technology. He expects that plant factories can recover their investment after 6-7 years. “Agricultural investment is generally long-term investment, which is very short in agricultural investment. However, the return on investment cycle of each plant will vary depending on the location and cultivar."
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