Introduction: China's energy consumption in building operations accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the entire society. Therefore, in the construction process, taking corresponding measures for lighting, electric motors and other equipment, can improve the building's energy efficiency, and achieve energy-saving emission reduction effect.
China is a big country with energy consumption.
Relevant statistics show that China’s building construction energy consumption accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the entire society. Therefore, in the construction process, taking corresponding measures for lighting, electric motors and other equipment, can improve the building's energy efficiency, and achieve energy-saving emission reduction effect.
High-efficiency lighting products become energy-saving leader
Use efficient light sources. According to the needs of the workplace, different kinds of high-efficiency light sources are used to reduce the power consumption. The specific requirements are as follows: For lighting products in general indoor places, priority is given to high-efficiency light sources such as fluorescent lamps or low-power high-pressure sodium lamps, such as T5 thin tubes and U-tube energy-saving fluorescent lamps, which meet the requirements of the “Architectural Lighting Design Standards†for the limit of the lighting power density. . High-light intensity gas discharge lamps such as metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps should be used for general lighting and road lighting in tall spaces and outdoor places. Gas discharge lamps should use ballasts with low energy consumption, and fluorescent lamps and gas discharge lamps must be installed with capacitors to compensate for reactive power losses.
Use high-efficiency lamps. In addition to the need for decoration, technical personnel should use high-efficiency luminaires that have a high ratio of direct light transmission, reasonable light control performance, high reflection or transmission coefficient, and stable light distribution characteristics. Asymmetrical light distribution fixtures are used. This kind of luminaire can reduce the reflection glare in the work area. Under certain illumination, it can improve the visual condition and obtain higher performance. Use lamps made of slower metamorphic materials, such as glass shades, enamel reflectors, etc., to reduce the decay rate of light energy. Indoor lighting efficiency should not be less than 70%; outdoor lighting efficiency should not be less than 40%.
Use a reasonable lighting solution. Use a light distribution scheme with a high light utilization factor, giving priority to the use of partitioned general lighting. In locations with large air-conditioning and lighting capacity, the combination of lighting fixtures and return air outlets should be used. Where there is a need for high illumination or where there is a need to improve light color, mixed light illumination of two or more light sources is used. The interior surface uses a highly reflective, light-colored finish that effectively uses light energy.
Lighting control and management. According to the change of the illumination of natural light, the divided pieces control the lighting to start and stop. Appropriately increase the lighting switch point during design, ie, the number of lights controlled by each switch should not be excessive, which is convenient for the management of technicians. For lighting design of large-area places, adopting a partitioned control method can increase the flexibility of the lighting branch circuit control, so that no lighting is required in places where lighting is not required. Where conditions permit, dimmers, time switches, energy-saving switches, etc. should be used to control electrical lighting. Lighting in public places can adopt centralized control lighting and install photoelectric automatic control devices with time delay. Large areas of public areas should be set up intelligent lighting control system. In outdoor lighting systems, in order to prevent daytime lighting, it is better to use a photoelectric controller instead of a lighting switch or an intelligent lighting control system. The rocker switch control is arranged on the socket panel. When the power equipment is not used, the power of the socket can be conveniently cut off and the no-load loss of the equipment can be eliminated to save power.
Motor energy saving is of great significance
Use high-efficiency motors. Motor load accounts for a large proportion of the total load of civil buildings, and energy conservation is of great significance. Increasing the efficiency and power factor of the motor is the main way to reduce the power loss of the motor.
According to the “Energy Efficiency Limit Values ​​and Energy Conservation Evaluation Values ​​of Small and Medium-sized Three-phase Asynchronous Motorsâ€, the limited value of motor energy efficiency is mandatory and must be met; the evaluation value of energy conservation is recommended. Motor energy rating is higher than the energy efficiency limit. When the motor meets the requirements of the energy conservation evaluation value, it can be considered that the motor is highly efficient.
High-efficiency motor prices are 20%~30% higher than ordinary motors. Therefore, the technicians must consider the payback period when selecting the motor, that is, they can recover the cost of the high-efficiency motor in the short term by saving electricity.
Use AC frequency conversion speed control device. The promotion of AC motor speed regulation and energy saving technology is one of the current measures to save energy in China. The use of frequency conversion speed control device enables the motor to automatically adjust the rotation speed when the load is decreased, so that it can adapt to the change of the load and improve the efficiency of the motor at light load.
By adjusting the rotational speed of the motor, not only the requirements for adjusting the flow rate or the air volume can be satisfied, but also the effect of energy saving can be achieved. The flow is proportional to the first power of the rotational speed, and the power is proportional to the third power of the rotational speed. Therefore, according to the user's needs, the motor speed control, energy-saving effect is very obvious, such as the speed decreased by 1/2, the power consumption dropped to 1/8.
At present, the use of ordinary thyristors, GTR, GTO, IGBT and other power electronic devices composed of static frequency converter for asynchronous motor speed control has been widely used. In the design, technical personnel should select the appropriate frequency conversion speed control device according to the type of frequency conversion and the characteristics of the motor equipment to be speed-adjusted.
Select intelligent energy-saving control devices. An intelligent frequency conversion speed-regulating energy-saving control device for the central air-conditioning water system can maximize the operating efficiency of the entire air-conditioning water system and receive a good energy-saving effect.
This intelligent energy-saving control technology control algorithm adopts "fuzzy control technology" or "fuzzy control and improved PID compound control technology" to replace the traditional PID control technology, overcoming the traditional PID control does not meet the large delay of the central air-conditioning system The problem of multi-parameters and strong coupling can achieve safe and efficient operation of air-conditioning water systems.
In addition, under the premise of fully satisfying the air conditioning terminal cooling (heating) demand, the technicians can achieve an energy saving rate of 5% to 30% for the air conditioning host through the automatic optimization and control of the air conditioning water system. Energy-saving benefits. Its energy-saving effect is better than traditional decentralized frequency-variable speed-adjusting energy-saving control devices (frequency converters + power cabinets), and it is unmatched by industrial-frequency power cabinets.
Solar photovoltaic becomes a new energy-saving engine
Solar photovoltaic systems are mainly composed of solar panels, batteries, controllers, DC-AC inverters, and electrical loads. Among them, solar panels and batteries are power systems, and controllers and inverters are control and protection systems. Solar photovoltaic systems are classified into independent systems, group control systems, grid-connected systems, hybrid systems, and grid-connected hybrid systems. Its applications in the field of construction mainly include street lamps, lawn lamps, garden lamps, corridor lamps and other energy-saving lamps, LED lamps, lighting power supply; solar water pumps generally do not require batteries, solar panels directly driven by the pump work. Solar photovoltaic integration, such as solar roof, is to install solar panels on the roof of a building. The terminals are connected to the public power grid through controllers and inverters. The solar panels and the power grid are connected in parallel to the users to form a household. Grid-connected photovoltaic system. This kind of grid-connected system is powered by the solar energy and the public power grid at the same time. The system can store or take power to the grid at any time, and the reliability of the power supply is enhanced. The system generally does not use batteries, reducing the cost of the cost, eliminating the follow-up problems such as battery power loss, maintenance and replacement. At the same time, excess electricity can be fed back to the grid. This action not only makes full use of the power generated by the photovoltaic system, but also has a peak-regulating effect on the power grid.
Photovoltaic building integration reflects the new architectural design concept. It not only opens up a new world of photovoltaic technology applied to the construction field, but also promotes the industrialization of photovoltaic technology and the large-scale application in the city, thus it has a very broad market prospect.
In addition, the establishment of electromechanical equipment monitoring and management system can real-time monitor and optimize control of the operating conditions and status of electromechanical equipment such as air conditioners, heating, ventilation, water supply and drainage, elevators and escalators, power transmission and distribution systems, and lighting system equipment within the building. Being able to effectively reduce energy consumption is also a major way of building electrical energy conservation.
The energy saving potential of building electrical is very large. The staff should consider various feasible technical measures in the design. At the same time, when selecting new energy-saving equipment, technical personnel should specifically understand the principle, performance, and effect of energy-saving products, compare technically and economically, select energy-saving equipment reasonably, and promote building electrical energy conservation.
China is a big country with energy consumption.
Relevant statistics show that China’s building construction energy consumption accounts for about 30% of the total energy consumption of the entire society. Therefore, in the construction process, taking corresponding measures for lighting, electric motors and other equipment, can improve the building's energy efficiency, and achieve energy-saving emission reduction effect.
High-efficiency lighting products become energy-saving leader
Use efficient light sources. According to the needs of the workplace, different kinds of high-efficiency light sources are used to reduce the power consumption. The specific requirements are as follows: For lighting products in general indoor places, priority is given to high-efficiency light sources such as fluorescent lamps or low-power high-pressure sodium lamps, such as T5 thin tubes and U-tube energy-saving fluorescent lamps, which meet the requirements of the “Architectural Lighting Design Standards†for the limit of the lighting power density. . High-light intensity gas discharge lamps such as metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps should be used for general lighting and road lighting in tall spaces and outdoor places. Gas discharge lamps should use ballasts with low energy consumption, and fluorescent lamps and gas discharge lamps must be installed with capacitors to compensate for reactive power losses.
Use high-efficiency lamps. In addition to the need for decoration, technical personnel should use high-efficiency luminaires that have a high ratio of direct light transmission, reasonable light control performance, high reflection or transmission coefficient, and stable light distribution characteristics. Asymmetrical light distribution fixtures are used. This kind of luminaire can reduce the reflection glare in the work area. Under certain illumination, it can improve the visual condition and obtain higher performance. Use lamps made of slower metamorphic materials, such as glass shades, enamel reflectors, etc., to reduce the decay rate of light energy. Indoor lighting efficiency should not be less than 70%; outdoor lighting efficiency should not be less than 40%.
Use a reasonable lighting solution. Use a light distribution scheme with a high light utilization factor, giving priority to the use of partitioned general lighting. In locations with large air-conditioning and lighting capacity, the combination of lighting fixtures and return air outlets should be used. Where there is a need for high illumination or where there is a need to improve light color, mixed light illumination of two or more light sources is used. The interior surface uses a highly reflective, light-colored finish that effectively uses light energy.
Lighting control and management. According to the change of the illumination of natural light, the divided pieces control the lighting to start and stop. Appropriately increase the lighting switch point during design, ie, the number of lights controlled by each switch should not be excessive, which is convenient for the management of technicians. For lighting design of large-area places, adopting a partitioned control method can increase the flexibility of the lighting branch circuit control, so that no lighting is required in places where lighting is not required. Where conditions permit, dimmers, time switches, energy-saving switches, etc. should be used to control electrical lighting. Lighting in public places can adopt centralized control lighting and install photoelectric automatic control devices with time delay. Large areas of public areas should be set up intelligent lighting control system. In outdoor lighting systems, in order to prevent daytime lighting, it is better to use a photoelectric controller instead of a lighting switch or an intelligent lighting control system. The rocker switch control is arranged on the socket panel. When the power equipment is not used, the power of the socket can be conveniently cut off and the no-load loss of the equipment can be eliminated to save power.
Motor energy saving is of great significance
Use high-efficiency motors. Motor load accounts for a large proportion of the total load of civil buildings, and energy conservation is of great significance. Increasing the efficiency and power factor of the motor is the main way to reduce the power loss of the motor.
According to the “Energy Efficiency Limit Values ​​and Energy Conservation Evaluation Values ​​of Small and Medium-sized Three-phase Asynchronous Motorsâ€, the limited value of motor energy efficiency is mandatory and must be met; the evaluation value of energy conservation is recommended. Motor energy rating is higher than the energy efficiency limit. When the motor meets the requirements of the energy conservation evaluation value, it can be considered that the motor is highly efficient.
High-efficiency motor prices are 20%~30% higher than ordinary motors. Therefore, the technicians must consider the payback period when selecting the motor, that is, they can recover the cost of the high-efficiency motor in the short term by saving electricity.
Use AC frequency conversion speed control device. The promotion of AC motor speed regulation and energy saving technology is one of the current measures to save energy in China. The use of frequency conversion speed control device enables the motor to automatically adjust the rotation speed when the load is decreased, so that it can adapt to the change of the load and improve the efficiency of the motor at light load.
By adjusting the rotational speed of the motor, not only the requirements for adjusting the flow rate or the air volume can be satisfied, but also the effect of energy saving can be achieved. The flow is proportional to the first power of the rotational speed, and the power is proportional to the third power of the rotational speed. Therefore, according to the user's needs, the motor speed control, energy-saving effect is very obvious, such as the speed decreased by 1/2, the power consumption dropped to 1/8.
At present, the use of ordinary thyristors, GTR, GTO, IGBT and other power electronic devices composed of static frequency converter for asynchronous motor speed control has been widely used. In the design, technical personnel should select the appropriate frequency conversion speed control device according to the type of frequency conversion and the characteristics of the motor equipment to be speed-adjusted.
Select intelligent energy-saving control devices. An intelligent frequency conversion speed-regulating energy-saving control device for the central air-conditioning water system can maximize the operating efficiency of the entire air-conditioning water system and receive a good energy-saving effect.
This intelligent energy-saving control technology control algorithm adopts "fuzzy control technology" or "fuzzy control and improved PID compound control technology" to replace the traditional PID control technology, overcoming the traditional PID control does not meet the large delay of the central air-conditioning system The problem of multi-parameters and strong coupling can achieve safe and efficient operation of air-conditioning water systems.
In addition, under the premise of fully satisfying the air conditioning terminal cooling (heating) demand, the technicians can achieve an energy saving rate of 5% to 30% for the air conditioning host through the automatic optimization and control of the air conditioning water system. Energy-saving benefits. Its energy-saving effect is better than traditional decentralized frequency-variable speed-adjusting energy-saving control devices (frequency converters + power cabinets), and it is unmatched by industrial-frequency power cabinets.
Solar photovoltaic becomes a new energy-saving engine
Solar photovoltaic systems are mainly composed of solar panels, batteries, controllers, DC-AC inverters, and electrical loads. Among them, solar panels and batteries are power systems, and controllers and inverters are control and protection systems. Solar photovoltaic systems are classified into independent systems, group control systems, grid-connected systems, hybrid systems, and grid-connected hybrid systems. Its applications in the field of construction mainly include street lamps, lawn lamps, garden lamps, corridor lamps and other energy-saving lamps, LED lamps, lighting power supply; solar water pumps generally do not require batteries, solar panels directly driven by the pump work. Solar photovoltaic integration, such as solar roof, is to install solar panels on the roof of a building. The terminals are connected to the public power grid through controllers and inverters. The solar panels and the power grid are connected in parallel to the users to form a household. Grid-connected photovoltaic system. This kind of grid-connected system is powered by the solar energy and the public power grid at the same time. The system can store or take power to the grid at any time, and the reliability of the power supply is enhanced. The system generally does not use batteries, reducing the cost of the cost, eliminating the follow-up problems such as battery power loss, maintenance and replacement. At the same time, excess electricity can be fed back to the grid. This action not only makes full use of the power generated by the photovoltaic system, but also has a peak-regulating effect on the power grid.
Photovoltaic building integration reflects the new architectural design concept. It not only opens up a new world of photovoltaic technology applied to the construction field, but also promotes the industrialization of photovoltaic technology and the large-scale application in the city, thus it has a very broad market prospect.
In addition, the establishment of electromechanical equipment monitoring and management system can real-time monitor and optimize control of the operating conditions and status of electromechanical equipment such as air conditioners, heating, ventilation, water supply and drainage, elevators and escalators, power transmission and distribution systems, and lighting system equipment within the building. Being able to effectively reduce energy consumption is also a major way of building electrical energy conservation.
The energy saving potential of building electrical is very large. The staff should consider various feasible technical measures in the design. At the same time, when selecting new energy-saving equipment, technical personnel should specifically understand the principle, performance, and effect of energy-saving products, compare technically and economically, select energy-saving equipment reasonably, and promote building electrical energy conservation.
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