I can guarantee that most of us are basically 8051 when we are reading. Use it to compile various marquee lights, seven-segment digital tube, this is common enough to be no longer common. I believe everyone should be familiar with "MOV", right?
Maybe many people don't play 51 anymore, they switch to DSP, ARM and FPGA, but there is no doubt that 8051 is our first love.
Today we talk about the development history of 8051, and by the way, a domestic "chicken flower" company that makes 51 chips-Hongjing Technology (STC).
8051 is an invention of Intel
Talking about 8051, you have to talk about the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer was born in 1971. It has experienced three major stages of SCM, MCU, and SoC. The early SCM microcontrollers were all 8-bit or 4-bit. One of the most successful is INTEL's 8051. Since then, MCS51 series MCU system has been developed on 8051. 8051 was manufactured by Intel Corporation in 1981. This is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller, which is a type of MCS-51 single-chip.
The 8051 single chip is a synchronous sequential logic system. The work of the entire system is completely dependent on the internal clock signal of the system. It has been used to generate various action cycles and synchronization signals. A clock generator has been built into the 8051 MCU, and only a quartz crystal resonator (or other oscillator) and a capacitor need to be connected during use to allow the system to generate the correct clock signal.
Intel ’s original 8051 series was developed using NMOS technology, but in later versions, the letter C (for example, 80C51) was added to its name to determine the use of CMOS technology, which saves energy compared to NMOS. This makes them more suitable for battery-powered devices.
8051 provides many functions in a single package (including CPU, RAM, ROM, input and output, interrupt, clock, etc.).
8051 can achieve the smaller size of general industrial wiring boards to achieve automatic control operations, such as sensing signal acquisition, sequential control, etc., it can be easily completed. In recent years, the function of a single chip has been continuously strengthened, and the price has become cheaper. The traditional 8051 has become a school textbook.
Single chip has the advantages of cheap, simple circuit, small size and low power consumption, so it is currently widely used in the industry. For example, to control a motor, there is no need to use a PC to control it, as long as a single chip plus a driving circuit can control the operation of this motor.
A story interspersed here:
Early MCUs had three major leaders, Zilog—Z80, Intel—8051, and Motorola—68xx. I believe people who are playing MCUs should be familiar.
However, Intel later entered the academic world. Through the power of teachers and professors, a large number of textbooks and teaching aids were written. After one or two generations of rotation, the market distribution began to change. (I finally understand why my university uses 8051)
This kind of operation is actually very similar to Microsoft's. It is to educate users first, and then get used to such products naturally. I believe it is not difficult for everyone to find that there are almost 8051 textbooks on the market. You will choose an MCU with detailed reference materials. To get started, or an MCU with poor resources and no one can ask?
However, what made 8051 really stable was the rise of personal computers.
The combination of Microsoft and Intel created the specifications of IBM-compatible computers, and then opened the glory era of 8051.
At that time, most of the computer BIOS keyboard scanning peripheral IO was done with 8051, and Z80 and 68xx lost in this trend and retreated to the second line. This is definitely not a bad technical foundation, and it is definitely not that the MCU is not stable enough, but the market. Do you want your simple answer.
The leader of the market is not the company itself, but the users who are the champions of the product. The more the enterprise grows stronger. The more advocates, the business philosophy is very important. The success or failure in many markets is often determined from the beginning. Too.
Later, due to its extremely low cost and easy development, the 51 single chip microcomputer was widely used in various small household appliances and products.
The ubiquitous processor is an unlimited business opportunity for manufacturers. Therefore, many processor application architectures want to replace 8051 as the market leader. However, 8051 is too tenacious, because Intel has completely opened all its related patents, and the industry can use its architecture to creatively. Many IC design manufacturers have added many different ingredients to the 8051 raw material through ingenuity. Different marketers have designed many dishes with different tastes to meet different application types and everyone's appetizing appetite.
Therefore, various high-frequency, high-performance 8051 products have been born, for example, the original 8051 is only 12MHz, but the modified version of the clock can exceed 100MHz. Many manufacturers have modified the operating rules of the internal clock to produce many more perverted versions of performance . In addition, the original 8051 addressable storage capacity is limited, and manufacturers have also launched versions that can be addressed to 16-bit storage to make the system full.
But no matter how it is modified, 8051 or 8051, for compatibility, many historical burdens are still not lost. Technically, it is possible to cut off and retrain to launch a super 8051, so the clock can be watched hundreds. MHz, even the width of internal data and external connection can be 32 or 64 bits, but in this way, it will lose the compatibility advantage of 8051, it is better to re-develop a brand new MCU product. For example, ARM series products have become the best candidates to replace 51.
But I said at the beginning, in addition to the development of 51, this article would like to introduce another wonderful company. I dare say that this is the most wonderful in the semiconductor industry, and there is no one. This company is called Hongjing Technology. We generally call him STC.
Mysterious STC, serve!
Everyone will follow my footsteps to understand this magical existence.
Xiaobian googled STC, the first one is their homepage URL.
This title scared me. The 8051 microcontroller is the world's first brand and the world's largest 8051 microcontroller design company.
After all, as a curious editor, I want to take a look at such a great company. When I went in, I really collapsed. I thought I passed through, do you know?
This is the home page.
Pull down a bit like this
Pull down a bit more like this
The bottom of the page is like this
Seeing this, I am really embarrassed by embarrassment. Although as a hardware developer, you can make the web page simpler, but simple does not mean casual.
After talking about some of the complaints about its website, we look at how users spray their products.
STC 1T series single-chip microcomputer is by far, I personally think that it is the most suitable single-chip microcomputer IC for lighting dimming products. But in the current market, there is a lot of scolding about STC, at least in the forums I often go to about single-chip microcomputers, the Q groups about single-chip microcomputers and electronic technology that I often talk about, and I do n’t like STC single-chip microcomputers very much.
As for the reason, it is obvious to all that STC has insulted all evils by bragging. such as:
1. The data manuals and specifications are not professionally made. The very rigorous data manuals and specifications are made like propaganda manuals. It is strange. Why not refer to the data manuals and specifications of brands such as Microchip or ATMEGA AVR. (I heard that the advertised datasheet is genuine.)
2. The origin is unknown. STC is known as a local brand in mainland China, the Chinese's own microcontroller. Neither can provide information on the place of origin, nor know where the technique used to express their position comes from. The customer called and consulted, saying that it was American technology, made in Shanghai, but no one answered the call to the US for consultation. The official website claims to be China's own technology. A bit contradictory. However, recently STC's official website released some photos of the TSMC production site, indicating that it was indeed made in Shanghai.
3. The ISP burning software is not decent and often makes mistakes. When the computer installed with AUTOCAD is started, the installation program of AUTOCAD will be started together. Depressed ...
Fourth, self-proclaimed, known as the single-chip microcomputer that cannot be decrypted, such as the eighth-generation encryption technology used in the 15F series, but any three or two thousand yuan on the market can be decrypted. Also offer a reward of one hundred thousand experts to help find loopholes. You said there would be such a stupid person, if I knew your decryption method, I wouldn't do such a stupid thing, and break my own money way, is it equivalent to killing chickens to get eggs?
Fifth, bragging, about bragging, STC said that 8051 microcontroller is the world's first brand, the world's largest 8051 microcontroller design company. We know that it was still the largest in the country before, but in fact it can only be the largest domestic shipment. The design capability of the 8051 is still incomparable with some manufacturers in the United States.
Sixth, when a user encounters a problem, his boss Yao ’s point of view is twofold:
1. There is no problem with our chip. You should check your design carefully. 2. I haven't gotten this one. You can try it yourself.
I was blinded then, OK?
In summary, STC has many shortcomings. But I have to admit that STC still has many advantages and powerful functions. For example:
1. STC is a 1T single chip microcomputer, and the speed is very fast. Using such a high-speed single-chip microcomputer for light PWM dimming (mostly software PWM, hardware PWM has more inconvenience in selection, transplantation, and design, but software PWM requires a higher speed), which can make the light soft and flicker-free. This is unmatched by other microcontrollers. It is also the main reason why STC is suitable for lighting dimming products.
Of course, 1T and 4T microcontrollers abound. Such as Microchip, AVR, Silicon Labs. But STC can use 30 ~ 40MHZ single-chip microcomputer, not in the low-end single-chip microcomputer of Microchip and AVR.
Even if high-end, it is not the same price. And imported goods are also surprisingly expensive. Once, an agent of Microchip called me and said that the microcontroller you are using now costs a few dollars. We also have a two-dollar microcontroller. *, How many RMB is a few dollars?
As for the performance of Silicon Labs in all aspects is also good, there is a cross * selection switch is very useful, the third function of the pin can be switched at will. But the price is relatively high. And either it is an IC of several tens of tens of K, and the capacity is not bad, but the unusable capacity means waste. Most packages are only patch packages. Maybe this buddy thinks too much. As for some brands in Taiwan, such as Yilong, McCann, Hetai, etc., there are thousands of emulators. If you do n’t order it, you ca n’t use it.
2. STC supply and stable prices. STC headquarters is in Shenzhen. Both the supply and the price are quite stable. Unlike imported ICs, the price always changes with the market, and sometimes you ca n’t get the goods even if you have money.
3. Easy to download and program. STC direct serial port download, FLASH storage, 51 core reference routines, and basically no simulation (at least I have n’t found an emulation chip after so long). As mentioned earlier, some brands require a dedicated emulator for a dedicated programmer.
4. As for anti-jamming capability. It must be said that the STC chip itself is indeed not as good as some brands, and it is almost recognized that the Microchip PIC C (OTP storage) series has the strongest anti-interference ability. Therefore, I think STC is still not suitable for industrial control or applications that involve life safety and personal safety. However, the light dimming control will not be in the strong interference range and does not need to have too strong anti-interference ability. Fifth, there are many STC models, various packages, and different configurations. From dozens of pins to a minimum of 8 feet, from ROM dozens of K to a minimum of 512Byte. Dimming products are not equivalent to expensive security equipment, handheld instruments, nor small appliances that are extremely sensitive to price. Therefore, its cost requirements are at the lower middle level, and within the scope of this level and performance requirements, it seems that only STC is more appropriate.
Sixth, personal national sentiment, STC at least dared to declare itself as a Chinese brand in the industry (the image made in China does not seem very good), even if this is a mistake, I would rather believe that China Chip is a fact. The Internet claims to be the No. 1 Renesas MCU (small Japanese brand) in sales. This number one is quite questionable. I have asked many people, I do n’t know what Renesas is, it may be different in the industry or Renesas is mostly used in small appliances . Anyway, something from Little Japan is quite disgusting.
To sum up, STC has survived, and it has performed well, the main reasons are:
Almost completely relying on the student market and the increasingly small ultra-low-end small batch market (because neither these two other STCs can survive "have survived for so many years, with so many products, and that magical IAP tool is doing more and more The more like the client, I have been waiting for STC to build the compiler into it, and write the program directly in the download tool.
As for the stability, I do n’t know how many people have made products, and how many people have made products with STC. I do n’t, so I do n’t evaluate the stability of STC itself. But any one indicator is only qualitative. The value must be quantified, and there must be indicators. What kind of indicators do you achieve? This is a thing that can be operated and compared. Today, using STC to make products has no advantages other than simplicity. When selecting the model, the product is guided by the development of simplicity, reliability ???
Then I think that the biggest advantage of STC is the ultra-low learning cost. Although this leads to destined to have amazing designs or products (it does not mean that there is no). But the low-end market is also the market, and it is very large. Such a market With such a demand, it is good for STC to meet this demand. Just like the square dance meets the entertainment needs of the general public, STC meets the needs of a group of engineers to make products, which is enough.
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